中文
Ukuthuthwa kweoyile negesi kunokuqhutywa ngokuqhubekayo ngobuninzi kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo ngemibhobho engaselunxwemeni.Kwimimandla yeoli ekufutshane nonxweme okanye enoovimba abakhulu, imibhobho idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuthutha i-oyile nerhasi ukuya kwiitheminali eziselunxwemeni (ezifana namazibuko e-oyile okanye iindawo zokuhluza eziselunxwemeni).Ukuba umbhobho unokumelana noxinzelelo olwaneleyo, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kwe-corrosion (ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukukhuselwa kwe-cathodic) kunye nokutywinwa kakuhle, inokuqonda ukuthuthwa kweoli eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuchatshazelwa bubunzulu bamanzi, imozulu, umhlaba kunye nezinye iimeko.ICDSRukufunxa ioli kunye nombhobho wokukhuphainokumelana nomoya obalaseleyo kunye nokuguquguquka, nayo iya kuba njaloukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelokunyeiimeko ezahlukeneyo zolwandle.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho yaselwandle kuya kuphazanyiswa ngokuthe ngqo ngamaza, kwaye ukuhamba kwamanzi kuya kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokwakhiwa kwemibhobho kunye nokuzinza kwemibhobho.Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekugqibezeleni umbhobho wenkwiliiprojekthi.Indawo yokusebenza iselwandle.Ayisiyondawo yokwakha kuphela, kodwa inzimakwayeIimeko zolwandle eziguquguqukayo nazo ziya kuzisa imingeni enkulu kulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo.
Kumsebenzi wokwakha, ubunzulu bamanzi yeyona nto inefuthe kakhulu, kwaye imisebenzi yokubeka imibhobho iyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kubunzulu bamanzi.
(1)Kwaboiindawoukubakufutshane nonxweme nakumanzi angekho nzulu, umbhobho unokuthuthwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuya emhlabeni ngewintshi.
(2) I-S-Lay (S-type laying method) isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle kunye neendawo ezikude nonxweme. I-Welding, ukuhlolwa kunye nokugubungela ubuso obuthe tye, ngokuqhelekileyo kwibhodi ye-pipelay inqanawa. Njengoko inqanawa isiya phambili, umbhobho uyajika utyhutyhe emanzini de ufikelele kwindawo yokumisa elwandle.Ithatha imilo "S" njengoko umbhobho omninzi ukhutshwa phantsi kobunzima bawo.
(3)Xa pimisebenzi yokubeka ipe yenziwa kwiindawo ezinzulu zamanzi,ukubaubunzulu bamanzi buyanda,iya kuba nesiphumoekwandeni okukhulu kobunzima bokwakha.Indlela yokufakela imibhobho ye-J-Lay isoloko isetyenziswa kumanzi anzuluiprojekthi.I-J-Lay (indlela ye-J-lay) ibeka uxinzelelo oluncinci kumbhobho kuba umbhobho ufakwe kwindawo ephantse yame nkqo.Umbhobho wolwandle ushiya inqanawe ebeka imibhobho ngendlela ephantse yame nkqo, kwaye wehla ngegophe elithe nkqo de uyokubekwa elwandle.Umbhobho jikelele ukwimo ye "J", efanelekile kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle ukusuka kumakhulu eemitha ukuya kumawaka.
(4) Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwepheshe, iindlelayokusebenza kwemibhobho ekude nonxweme nayo iphucuka rhoqo.Kwimibhobho yolwandle enobubanzi obuncinci kunye namandla abuthathaka, inokufakwa emhlabeni kwaye iqengqeleke ngokuthe ngqo kwigubhu, ize ihanjiswe elwandle ukuze ibekwe ngenqanawa yokubeka imibhobho.Le ndlela yokusebenza ibizwa ngokuba yiReel-Lay (indlela yokubeka umbhobho oqengqelekayo).I-Reel-Lay ithathwa njengeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokubeka njengoko uninzi lwe-welding kunye nokuhlolwa kwenziwa elunxwemeni, ukunciphisa ixesha lofakelo.Okwangoku, inqanawa yokubeka umbhobho wohlobo lwe-reel inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezithe tyaba kunye nezithe nkqo.
Kukhetho lokugqibela lwendlela yokusebenza, akufanele sicinge kuphela ngobunzulu bamanzi, kodwa sidibanise izinto ezibanzi ezifana nomjikelo wokusebenza kunye neendleko zokusebenza.I-CDSR ibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa indawo enye kunye nokufakelwa kwe-offshore njengeFPSO, FSO, SPM, njl.
Umhla: 27 Mar 2023