中文
Iteknoloji yokubuyisa ioyile ibhekisa ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokukhupha ioyile kwiindawo zeoyile. Uphuhliso lwale teknoloji lubalulekile kuphuhliso lweshishini leoyile. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iteknoloji yokubuyisa ioyile iye yafumana izinto ezintsha ezininzi ezingaphuculanga kuphela ukusebenza kakuhleioyileukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kodwa kwaba nefuthe elikhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, uqoqosho, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla.
Kwicandelo lokuveliswa kweehydrocarbon, ukubuyiswa kweoyile yinkqubo ephambili enenjongo yayo kukukhupha ioyile negesi eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiindawo zokugcina ioyile ezityebileyo kwiihydrocarbon. Njengoko umjikelo wobomi bomthombo weoyile uqhubeka,iIzinga lemveliso lidla ngokutshintsha. Ukuze kugcinwe kwaye kwandiswe amandla emveliso yequla, kufuneka ukhuthazo olongezelelweyo lokwakheka kwalo. Ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bequla,iiimpawu zokwakheka kunyeiiindleko zokusebenza, iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zisetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ioyile: ukubuyisa ioyile yokuqala, ukubuyisa ioyile yesibini, kunye nokubuyisela ioyile yesithathu (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-enhanced oil recovery, EOR).
Ukubuyiswa kweoyile okuphambili kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuxinzelelo lwedama lokuhambisa ioyile ukuya entloko yomthombo. Xa uxinzelelo lwedama lomthombo luhla kwaye lungakwazi ukugcina izinga elaneleyo lemveliso, ukubuyiswa kweoyile yesibini kudla ngokuqala. Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwedama lomthombo ngokufaka amanzi okanye igesi, ngaloo ndlela kuqhubeka kutyhalelwa ioyile entloko yomthombo. Ukubuyiswa kweoyile ephezulu, okanye ukubuyiswa kweoyile okuphuculweyo, bubuchwepheshe obuntsonkothileyo obubandakanya ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali, ukufakelwa kobushushu okanye igesi ukwandisa ukubuyiswa kweoyile. Ezi teknoloji zinokususa ngempumelelo ioyile ekrwada eseleyo kwidama lomthombo, ziphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyiswa kweoyile iyonke.
● Ukufakwa kwegesi: Ukufakwa kwegesi kwindawo yokugcina ioyile ukuze kutshintshe uxinzelelo kunye neempawu zolwelo kwindawo yokugcina ioyile, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaza ukuhamba nokuveliswa kweoyile ekrwada.
● I-Steam injection: Ekwaziwa nangokuba yi-thermal oil recovery, ifudumeza i-reservoir ngokufaka i-steam enobushushu obuphezulu ukuze inciphise i-viscosity yeoyile, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokugcina i-oyile ezinobunzima obuphezulu okanye ezinzima.
● Ukufakwa kweekhemikhali: Ngokufaka iikhemikhali (ezifana nee-surfactants, iipolymers kunye nee-alkalis), iipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali zeoyile ekrwada zinokutshintshwa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukugeleza kweoyile ekrwada, kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwe-interfacial kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela.
● I-CO2inaliti: Le yindlela ekhethekileyo yokufaka igesi, ngokufaka i-carbon dioxide, ayinakunciphisa kuphela i-viscosity yeoyile, kodwa ikwaphucula nesantya sokubuyiselwa kwayo ngokunyusa uxinzelelo lwe-reservoir kunye nokunciphisa ukugcwala kweoyile ekrwada eseleyo. Ukongeza, le ndlela ikwanazo neenzuzo ezithile zokusingqongileyo kuba i-CO22ingasuswa phantsi komhlaba.
● Iteknoloji yePlasma Pulse: Le yiteknoloji entsha evelisa iipulse zeplasma ezinamandla aphezulu ukuze ivuselele i-reservoir, idale ukwaphuka, yonyuse ukungena kwamanzi, ngaloo ndlela iphucule ukuhamba kweoyile ekrwada. Nangona le teknoloji isesekwinqanaba lovavanyo, ibonisa ukuba inokukwazi ukuphucula ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo kwiintlobo ezithile ze-reservoir.
Itekhnoloji nganye ye-EOR ineemeko zayo ezithile ezifanelekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lweendleko-inzuzo, kwaye kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zejoloji yendawo ethile yokugcina amanzi, iimpawu zeoyile ekrwada kunye nezinto zoqoqosho. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-EOR kunokuphucula kakhulu iingenelo zoqoqosho zeendawo zeoyile kwaye kwandise ubomi bemveliso yeendawo zeoyile, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezixhobo zeoyile zehlabathi.
Umhla: 05 Julayi 2024