中文
I-single point mooring (SPM) yibhoyi/ipier emiswe elwandle ukuze iphathe imithwalo engamanzi efana neemveliso zepetroleum yeetanki.Indawo enye yokuxhoma i-tanki iya kwindawo yokumisa ngesaphetha, ukuyivumela ukuba ijiwuze ngokukhululekileyo kuloo ndawo, inciphisa amandla omoya, amaza kunye nemisinga.ISPM isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezingenazo izibonelelo zokuphatha imithwalo engamanzi.Ezi zibonelelo ze-single point mooring (SPM) zikhonaiimayilekude nezibonelelo eziselunxwemeni, qhagamshelangeimibhobho yeoli engaphantsi kolwandle, kwaye inokumisa iinqanawa ezinomthamo omkhulu njengeVLCC.
CDSRimibhobho yeolizisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo ye-SPM.Inkqubo ye-SPM ibandakanya inkqubo ye-catenary anchor leg mooring system (CALM), inkqubo ye-anchor enye ye-leg mooring system (SALM) kunye ne-turret mooring system..
ICatenary Anchor Leg Mooring System (CALM)
ICatenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM), ekwaziwa njengeSingle Buoy Mooring (SBM), yinto eguqukayo yokulayisha kunye nokothula ibhoyi esetyenziswa njengendawo yokuxhoma iimoto ezithwala ioyile nanjengoko kudityaniswa phakathi kokuphela kombhobho (PLEM) kunye netanki eshukumayo.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kumanzi angekho nzulu nanzulu ukuthutha i-oyile ekrwada kunye nemveliso yepetroleum esuka kumasimi oyile okanye kwiindawo zokuhluza.
I-CALM yeyona ndlela yakuqala yenkqubo yokuxhoma indawo enye, ethi icuthe kakhulu umthwalo wokuxhoma, kwaye ithintele impembelelo yomoya kunye namaza kwinkqubo, ekwayenye yeempawu eziphambili zenkqubo yokuhombisa indawo enye.Inzuzo ephambili ye-CALM kukuba ilula kwisakhiwo, kulula ukuyenza kunye nokuyifaka.
Inkqubo yokuxhoma i-ankile enye (SALM)
I-SALM yahluke kakhulu kwi-single point mooring.Ibhoyi yokuxhoma ibekwe ezantsi kolwandle ngomlenze weankilekwaye idityaniswe kwisiseko ngetyathanga elinye okanye intambo yombhobho, kwaye ulwelo luthuthwa ukusuka kwisiseko esisezantsi elwandle ukuya ngqo enqanaweni ngemibhobho, okanye luthuthelwe enqanaweni ngekhonkco elijikelezayo ngesiseko.Esi sixhobo sokuxhoma sifanelekile kuzo zombini iindawo zamanzi angekho nzulu kunye neendawo ezinzulu zamanzi.Ukuba isetyenziswe kumanzi anzulu, isiphelo esisezantsi sekhonkco le-ankile kufuneka sidityaniswe kwicandelo lesikhuphukeli esinombhobho we-oyile ngaphakathi, umphezulu wesinyusi ubhijelwe ngekhonkco le-ankile, umzantsi wesinyusi ubhijelwe kwisinyusi. isiseko solwandle, kwaye isikhuphukeli sinokuhamba nge-360 °.
Inkqubo ye-Turret mooring
Inkqubo ye-turret mooring iquka ikholomu ye-turret esisigxina ebanjwe yisakhiwo sangaphakathi okanye sangaphandle senqanawa ngokusebenzisa ilungiselelo lokuthwala.Ikholamu ye-turret ikhuselwe ngaphantsi kolwandle nge (catenary) imilenze yeankile enceda ukugcina inqanawa ngaphakathi komda wokuyilwa kohambo.Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kokudluliselwa kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle okanye inkqubo yokunyuka ukusuka elwandle ukuya kwi-turret.Xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezininzi zokuxhoma, inkqubo yokuxhoma i-turret inezi ngenelo zilandelayo: (1) isakhiwo esilula;(2) Ukuchatshazelwa kancinci ngumoya namaza, alungele iimeko zolwandle ezirhabaxa;(3) ilungele iindawo zolwandle ezinobunzulu obahlukeneyo bamanzi;(4) Izaneukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kunyekwakhona-uqhagamshelwanoumsebenzi, ekulungele ukugcinwa.
Umhla: 03 Epreli 2023